Q1. Which of the following is the correct equation for photosynthesis?

A) 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

B) C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O

C) 6CO₂ + 12H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ + 6H₂O

D) 6O₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6CO₂

Q2. In which organelle does photosynthesis take place?

A) Mitochondria

B) Nucleus

C) Chloroplast

D) Ribosome

Q3. Which pigment is primarily responsible for absorbing light energy during photosynthesis?

A) Xanthophyll

B) Chlorophyll

C) Carotenoid

D) Anthocyanin

Q4. The stomata in leaves help in:

A) Absorption of water only

B) Exchange of gases and transpiration

C) Absorption of minerals only

D) Photosynthesis only

Q5. Which of the following organisms is an autotroph?

A) Mushroom

B) Amoeba

C) Green plants

D) Tapeworm

Q6. Parasitic nutrition is observed in:

A) Cuscuta

B) Rhizobium

C) Pitcher plant

D) Lichens

Q7. The enzyme salivary amylase present in saliva converts:

A) Proteins into amino acids

B) Fats into fatty acids

C) Starch into maltose

D) Sucrose into glucose

Q8. Where does maximum digestion of food occur in the human body?

A) Stomach

B) Small intestine

C) Large intestine

D) Oesophagus

Q9. The finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption are called:

A) Nephrons

B) Alveoli

C) Villi

D) Cilia

Q10. Bile is produced by which organ?

A) Pancreas

B) Stomach

C) Liver

D) Small intestine

Q11. Which enzyme in gastric juice helps in the digestion of proteins?

A) Lipase

B) Pepsin

C) Amylase

D) Trypsin

Q12. Hydrochloric acid in the stomach helps by:

A) Digesting fats directly

B) Activating pepsinogen to pepsin

C) Absorbing vitamins

D) Neutralising food

Q13. Which of the following is NOT a mode of heterotrophic nutrition?

A) Parasitic

B) Saprotrophic

C) Holozoic

D) Autotrophic

Q14. The green colour of leaves is due to:

A) Presence of glucose

B) Presence of chlorophyll

C) Presence of starch

D) Presence of xanthophyll

Q15. During photosynthesis, the splitting of water molecules is called:

A) Photolysis

B) Hydrolysis

C) Electrolysis

D) Plasmolysis

Q16. Which of the following plants is insectivorous?

A) Cuscuta

B) Pitcher plant

C) Mushroom

D) Rhizobium

Part B: Nutrition in Animals (Heterotrophic Nutrition)

Q17. The pancreatic juice contains enzymes for digesting:

A) Only proteins

B) Only carbohydrates

C) Only fats

D) Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

Q18. Absorption of digested food primarily occurs in the:

A) Stomach

B) Large intestine

C) Small intestine

D) Oesophagus

Q19. Which part of the alimentary canal stores faeces?

A) Small intestine

B) Stomach

C) Rectum

D) Oesophagus

Q20. The mode of nutrition in Amoeba is:

A) Parasitic

B) Saprotrophic

C) Holozoic

D) Autotrophic

Q21. Which gas is released during photosynthesis?

A) Carbon dioxide

B) Nitrogen

C) Oxygen

D) Hydrogen

Q22. The pores through which plants exchange gases are called:

A) Lenticels and stomata

B) Only stomata

C) Only lenticels

D) Root hairs

Q23. In which form is glucose stored in plants?

A) Cellulose

B) Starch

C) Glycogen

D) Sucrose

Q24. Saprotrophic organisms obtain nutrition from:

A) Living host

B) Dead and decaying organic matter

C) Sunlight

D) Inorganic materials

Q25. The process by which Amoeba engulfs its food is called:

A) Absorption

B) Photosynthesis

C) Phagocytosis

D) Digestion

Q26. Which type of teeth helps in grinding food?

A) Incisors

B) Canines

C) Molars

D) Premolars only

Q27. The liver plays which role in digestion?

A) Produces digestive enzymes

B) Secretes bile for fat emulsification

C) Absorbs amino acids

D) Stores glucose directly

Q28. Which of the following correctly represents the flow of food through the alimentary canal?

A) Mouth → Stomach → Oesophagus → Small intestine

B) Mouth → Oesophagus → Stomach → Small intestine → Large intestine

C) Mouth → Small intestine → Stomach → Large intestine

D) Mouth → Oesophagus → Small intestine → Stomach

Q29. Peristalsis refers to:

A) Absorption of nutrients

B) Rhythmic muscular contractions moving food through the gut

C) Secretion of digestive juices

D) Breakdown of large food molecules

Q30. Which nutrient is NOT digested and directly absorbed?

A) Starch

B) Proteins

C) Vitamins

D) Fats

Q31. Carbon dioxide used in photosynthesis enters the leaf through:

A) Root hairs

B) Stomata

C) Lenticels

D) Xylem

Q32. A student observed that a plant kept in the dark for 72 hours showed no blue-black colour when tested with iodine. This indicates:

A) Absence of chlorophyll

B) No starch production due to lack of light

C) Absence of water in leaves

D) Excess glucose production

Part C: Competency-Based Application Questions

Q33. Riya notices that mushrooms grow on dead wood but not in the soil with sunlight. The nutritional mode of mushrooms is:

A) Autotrophic

B) Holozoic

C) Saprotrophic

D) Parasitic

Q34. A doctor advises a patient with liver disease to avoid fatty food. The most likely reason is:

A) Liver produces insulin needed for fat digestion

B) Liver secretes bile which emulsifies fats

C) Liver stores excess fats

D) Liver directly digests proteins

Q35. If the villi of the small intestine are damaged, which process would be most affected?

A) Digestion of food

B) Absorption of digested nutrients

C) Peristalsis in the gut

D) Secretion of digestive enzymes

Q36. The guard cells surrounding stomata help in:

A) Photosynthesis alone

B) Regulating the opening and closing of stomata

C) Absorption of water from soil

D) Transport of food in plants

Q37. Iodine solution is used to test the presence of:

A) Proteins

B) Glucose

C) Starch

D) Fats

Q38. The enzyme trypsin secreted by the pancreas acts on:

A) Carbohydrates

B) Lipids

C) Proteins

D) Nucleic acids

Q39. Which of the following is an example of symbiotic nutrition?

A) Cuscuta on a host plant

B) Lichens (algae + fungi)

C) Mushroom on dead wood

D) Pitcher plant catching insects

Q40. The food is temporarily stored in the stomach for how many hours approximately?

A) 30 minutes

B) 1 hour

C) 4–5 hours

D) 10 hours

Q41. Water and minerals are absorbed from digested food in the:

A) Small intestine

B) Stomach

C) Large intestine

D) Rectum

Q42. Which of the following factors does NOT affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A) Light intensity

B) CO₂ concentration

C) Gravity

D) Temperature

Q43. An experiment showed that a plant in a jar with a mouse survived longer than a mouse alone in a jar. This shows that plants:

A) Consume less oxygen than animals

B) Release oxygen which the mouse needs

C) Produce food for the mouse

D) Absorb CO₂ from the mouse’s breath only

Q44. Gastric glands are found in the wall of the:

A) Oesophagus

B) Small intestine

C) Stomach

D) Large intestine

Q45. The process of taking in food is called:

A) Digestion

B) Absorption

C) Ingestion

D) Assimilation

Q46. Egestion refers to:

A) Absorption of nutrients into the blood

B) Removal of undigested food from the body

C) Digestion of food in the stomach

D) Production of digestive enzymes

Q47. The role of mucus secreted by the stomach wall is to:

A) Digest proteins

B) Protect the stomach wall from HCl and pepsin

C) Emulsify fats

D) Activate salivary amylase

Q48. In the leaf, which tissue transports water for photosynthesis?

A) Phloem

B) Cortex

C) Xylem

D) Epidermis

Q49. Which of the following organisms uses chemosynthesis for nutrition?

A) Green algae

B) Sulphur bacteria

C) Amoeba

D) Tapeworm

Q50. A student chews a piece of bread for a long time and notices a sweet taste. This is because:

A) The bread contains natural sugar that is released

B) Salivary amylase converts starch to maltose/sugars

C) HCl acts on the bread

D) The tongue detects starch directly